Let’s break down who the Druze and Bedouins are and why they’re fighting in Suwayda, Syria.
Who are the Druze?
The Druze are a minority ethnic-religious group living primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan. They have a unique faith that combines elements of Islam, Christianity, and Greek philosophy. In Syria, the Druze community is concentrated in the Suwayda Governorate, where they make up the majority of the population. The Druze have historically maintained a degree of autonomy and have been known for their distinct cultural and social practices.
Who are the Bedouins?
The Bedouins are a group of Arab nomadic tribes that have traditionally inhabited the deserts of the Middle East, including Syria. They are predominantly Sunni Muslims and have a strong sense of tribal identity and loyalty. Bedouin tribes have played significant roles in the history of the region, often finding themselves at the crossroads of conflicts and power struggles.
Why are they fighting in Suwayda?
The recent clashes between the Druze and Bedouin tribes in Suwayda, Syria, began after a Druze vegetable merchant was kidnapped and assaulted by Bedouin fighters on July 11, 2025. The incident sparked a cycle of retaliatory kidnappings and armed confrontations between the two groups, resulting in significant violence and casualties. The Syrian government has intervened, but its actions have been met with resistance from Druze militias, who are wary of government motives and fear for their community’s safety.
The conflict has escalated into a broader sectarian crisis, with Israel launching airstrikes in support of the Druze minority. According to reports, over 166 people have been killed in the clashes, and the situation remains volatile.
Why did Israel attack Syria because of the Druze?
Israel launched airstrikes against Syrian government forces in the Suwayda region to protect the Druze minority. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu emphasized that Israel couldn’t “stand idly by” while the Druze were fighting. Israel’s intervention stems from deep familial and historical bonds with the Druze community. The airstrikes targeted Syrian tanks and artillery en route to Suwayda, aiming to enforce the demilitarization of southern Syria ³ ⁴.
Why did the Syrian government reach a ceasefire with the Druze?
The Syrian government and Druze leaders announced a renewed ceasefire after violent clashes threatened to unravel the country’s post-war political transition. The ceasefire was reached amid ongoing Israeli airstrikes, with the government likely seeking to avoid further escalation and stabilize the region. However, Israeli airstrikes continued even after the ceasefire was announced, complicating the situation.
Key Players and Motivations
– Druze Militias: Led by Sheikh Hikmat al Hijri, a prominent Druze spiritual leader, and the Suwayda Military Council, a group composed of ex-Syrian Arab Army officers.
– Bedouin Tribes: Sunni Arab tribes that have traditionally inhabited the region and are now caught up in the conflict.
– Syrian Government: Attempting to assert control and maintain order, but facing resistance from Druze militias.
– Israel: Launching airstrikes in support of the Druze minority, citing a commitment to protect them from government-aligned forces.
